Atlas record

Sit-to-Stand

Sitting down on a chair and standing up again turns the most basic movement of daily life into a deliberate exercise. It is the safest form of squatting for people new to leg strength work and for those returning after a long break.

Primary muscles
  • Quadriceps
  • Gluteus maximus
Secondary muscles
  • Hamstrings
  • Core stabilising muscles
Movement patternsquat
LevelBeginner
EquipmentA sturdy, non-slip chair
How to perform
  1. Sit on the front half of the chair with your feet on the floor and your heels slightly behind your knees.
  2. Lean your trunk gently forwards to bring your weight over your feet.
  3. Press through your heels to stand; if you can, do it without using your hands.
  4. Come to a fully upright standing position.
  5. Send your hips back and sit down again slowly and under control; do not drop yourself onto the seat.
BreathingBreathe out as you stand and in as you sit.
Common mistakes
  • Dropping onto the chair without control
  • Rocking up with momentum
  • Letting the knees fall inwards
  • Placing the feet too far forwards, which makes standing harder
Easier variationUsing a higher chair, or taking support from the armrests
Harder variationA lower seat, standing with the arms crossed on the chest, or a slowed descent (3-5 seconds)
AlternativeBox Squat
CautionAnyone with significant balance problems should make the first attempts with a sturdy chair with armrests and, if possible, with someone close by; if knee or hip pain increases, seek a specialist assessment where necessary.

The power of an ordinary movement

We rise from a chair dozens of times a day, and being able to do it easily is one of the quiet measures of independent living. It is no accident that sit-to-stand tests are used in the research literature as an indicator of functional capacity in older adults. Repeating this movement deliberately a few times a week is the most basic leg strength training there is.

The hands should do less

At the start it is natural to push off your knees or the armrests. Progress comes from reducing that support in stages: try standing first with your arms crossed on your chest, then with them reaching forwards. The secret of the rise is to lean the trunk slightly forwards before you stand, carrying your weight over your feet; trying to stay upright makes standing harder.

Next steps

If you can manage 12-15 repetitions in a minute without struggling, it is a good time to try a lower seat, or to move on to the Box Squat arrangement. The road from there to the Bodyweight Squat is the same pattern deepening step by step.

Related terms: Box Squat, Bodyweight Squat, Quadriceps, Supported Single-Leg Stance

From the same atlas

First published: 2026-08-12Last reviewed: 2026-08-12Editorial status: working editionReport an error